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显示全部楼层 · 2008-3-27 20:59:42

The traveller and the missionaries often have the high prejudice to other cultural at first description.They always favor in use the culture which own standard judge them to observe.They the value which has with them observe a person's face frequently these the contradictory custom and the belief regard as backward and barbaric, if holds the value to these to observe a person's face the consistent custom Canada praise.Such one kind weighs other cultures with own cultural standard, and very natural thought but own culture are right, other cultures is the wrong this kind of kind of tendency, we call it the race center principle. Now, studies other cultures the anthropologist and the sociologists all on own initiative attempts to avoid the race center principle.But because each people all unintentionally have accepted set of values, therefore when analyzes other cultures must maintain the complete neutrality is not impossible.Although like this, a cultural analysis most basic principle is must judge it according to cultural own standard.This principle is the cultural relativity.The cultural principle of relativity believed that, must truly understand and appraise one cultural characteristic correctly, must regard as it a bigger cultural or a society's part. On the one hand must make the objective appraisal to other cultures, on the other hand is unable to deny to oneself culture sentiment in the approval, between both has the quite painful struggle.This kind of struggle even obviously manifests in not Rance · Boase (Frans Boas) - - of in a - - such careful scientist's US earliest anthropologists life.Reads his work, the paper, even the field observation record, you will feel he appears is such is fair, is objective.If but his personal diary and wrote for family member's letter has actually promulgated its objective observation creed between individual values conflict.In describes him northeast Canada the India peaceful tribe, specially pulls in human's work when the eskimo and the Beira storehouse, not Rance · abundant distress this like this writes: Afterwards, I arrived the Beira storehouse to pull human there, they told another stupid story to me ......Listens to them to discuss story this matter to me is quite interesting, but these story itself the story which says compared to these eskimos also must actually disgusting ("Diary", on October 3, 1886) At the same time, these dirty, the scream children are running all over the place in all directions, but sometimes the people are eating meal.The dog and the children drill in the crowd drill, the fire and the smoke smoke you not to be able to open the eye nearly ......In brief, the entire process was simply to the bearing capacity one kind of test (on November 8, 1986) (the elegant Powles base, 1958). The race center principle may fulfill the forward function in the society.If the members of different social classes believed in their culture the values and the standard are correct and good, they have the possibility to observe them strictly.This has maintained society's order and the stability.But the extreme race center principle also has the possibility to abuse in the political objective.Thus Hitler uses one kind of race center principle the extreme form - - to publicize the German culture - - to raise his prestige extremely. Now world, because between country day by day interdependence, therefore the race center principle has lost the market gradually.World economics development, even its survival, all the part relies on in us understood other cultural ability (Table 3-1 enumerates some sources in other cultures, but already cultural characteristic which is widely accepted by American).In turn, that kind thought other cultures strong must avoid in the native place culture other country center principle idea.Other country center principle was considered sometimes is one kind “in reverse race center principle”.

千问 · 2008-3-27 20:59:42

Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism Travellers and missionaries of other cultures often with the initial description of a high degree of prejudice. They always tend to use their own criteria to judge them observed by the culture. They are often those with their own contradictory values held by the habit and belief as backward and barbaric to those consistent with the values held by the habit of highly praised. Such a use their own cultural standards of other cultures, and it is natural that their own culture is right and the other is wrong culture is a tendency, which we call ethnocentrism. Now, on other cultural anthropologists and sociologists who are consciously trying to avoid ethnocentrism. However, as everyone has, intentionally or unintentionally, to accept a set of values, and therefore the analysis of other cultures, to maintain complete neutrality is impossible. Nevertheless, the analysis of the culture of a basic principle is that it must under their own cultural standards to judge it. This is the principle of cultural relativism. That the principle of cultural relativism, it is necessary to truly understand and correct evaluation of a cultural identity, we must take it as a larger part of society or culture. On the one hand, to other cultures make an objective evaluation, on the other hand, can not be denied to agree with the feelings of their own culture, there are considerable between the painful struggle. Obviously, this kind of struggle even reflected in the Fulanshiboeshi (Frans Boas) - The United States one of the first anthropologists - so carefully in the lives of scientists. Reading his books, papers, records or field observations, you will feel that he seems to be such a fair and objective. But his personal diary and letters addressed to the family revealed its objective is the credo of its personal observation of the conflict between the values. He described in the northwest Indian tribes in Canada, particularly in the Eskimos and Beilakula people's work, Fulanshiboeci wrote: Later, I went to Beilakula people, they gave me another stupid story…… listen to them telling me this matter is quite interesting, but the story itself than those Eskimo story also stresses To Lianrenexin ( "Diary", October 3, 1886) At the same time, those dirty, screaming children are four run, and sometimes people are eating. Dogs and children in the crowd to drill to drill, the fire and smoke you almost Xunde Zhengbukai eyes…… In short, the whole process is simply the ability to bear a test (November 8, 1986) (Yabeier斯基, 1958). Race in the centre of the community can perform positive functions. If members of the society believe in their cultural values and norms it is a correct and good, and they may be more strictly abide by them. This and maintaining social order and stability. But extreme ethnocentrism and may also be abused in political purposes. Hitler centre on the use of a racial form of the extreme - extreme promote German culture - and increase his own popularity. In today's world, due to the growing interdependence among nations, races and the Centre has been gradually losing its market. World economic development, and even its survival, are dependent on our understanding of other cultures capacity (Table 3-1 lists from some other culture, but Americans have been widely accepted by the cultural identity). Conversely, those who believe in other cultures strong indigenous culture of the countries of central concept must be avoided. He has sometimes been of the view that the Centre is a kind of "reverse racial centre of."