好多专业术语，先贴上一部分，麻烦麻烦了，高分悬赏了。
1. Introduction
Within an extensive literature concerning the
internationalization of firms, there has long been
a consensus that firms internationalize after a
period of domestic experience and growth (e.g.,
Aharoni, 1966; Bilkey and Tesar, 1977; Czinkota,
1982; Johanson and Vahlne, 1990, 1977; Moini,
1995; Reid, 1981). The universality of this model
has been challenged recently (McDougall and
Oviatt, 1994, 1997a, b; McDougall et al., 1994).
We now observe a growing number of new
entrepreneurial ventures that are internationally
oriented from their conception.
Managers of these new ventures face obstacles
when they attempt to access information critical
to internationalization, particularly information
concerning the export process, foreign markets,
and reliable suppliers. The entrepreneurship
literature recognizes the importance of social
networks – formal and informal – for information
acquisition among entrepreneurs (e.g., Aldrich and
Zimmer, 1986; Birley, 1985; Casson, 1997;
Galaskiewicz and Zaheer, 1999; Granovetter,
1973, 1985; Hara and Toshihiro, 1994; Larson,
1992). We will examine how newly established
firms in the Turkish clothing export industry use
these networks to acquire information to help them
export successfully.
The Turkish clothing export industry has witnessed
a substantial influx of such entrepreneurial
firms since 1990; over half of the firms in this
industry were formed in the past 10 years. As
predominantly family-owned and operated firms,
the firm owners of these organizations are actively
engaged in the day-to-day management and
strategic planning of the enterprise. How these
firm owners utilize their informal and formalsocial networks to gain export-oriented information
helps explain why these firms are able to
internationalize so quickly
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