Barry Commoner, born in 1917, is arenowned cellular细胞的 biologist. He received his degree in zoology with honors from Columbia in 1937 and earned his doctorate from Harvard in 1941.
Barry Commoner helped initiate the modern environmental movement. In the early 1950s, Commoner—then a professor at Washington University in St. Louis—became concerned about radioactive fallout放射性尘降物 spreading from nuclear-weapons tests in the Nevada desert. Finding that much of the data from the tests remained classified机密的, he saw the need for citizen access to information about the results' implications for the environment. This led to the formation of the St. Louis Committee for Nuclear Information (CNI). Disputing the official government position that nuclear testing posed little health risk to humans, a CNI analysis of children's baby teeth demonstrated that such testing caused radioactive buildup in humans. This determination was one of the factors that led to the 1963 nuclear test-ban treaty, )禁止核试验协定 which phased out逐渐停止atmospheric testing. As Commoner's concerns broadened, he studied issues such as pollution and ozone-layer depletion and advocated the use of solar and other types of renewable energy. In 1970, a Time magazine cover story dubbed him "the Paul Revere of Ecology" for his early leadership in the field.
E. M. Forster was born on New Year’s Day 1879 (January first, in 1879) in London. His father died ten months after he was born. Morgan grew up in the sole care of his mother. His early upbringing was dominated by three women, his great-aunt, 婶祖母his maternal grandmother外婆, and his mother. His mother provided a series of happy homes, accompanied him in his travels abroad, and continued to influence the novelist until her death in 1945. This female-dominated world appears in disguise in Forster’s novels.
When Morgan was four years old, he and his mother moved to Rooksnest, the house in Hertfordshire赫特福德郡(位于英国英格兰东南部)。 Without any brother and sisters, Morgan was thrown into the company of garden boys. This gave him a chance to get to know people from lower classes.
When he reached the age for formal education, he moved into different world. At the age of eleven, he was sent to a preparatory school. Then he went on to a public school at Tonbridge. He was unhappy at the public school, as he was bullied and oppressed by the predominantly athletic and conformist atmosphere there.
He went up to King’s College, Cambridge in 1897, where he studied classics古典文学and history. He enjoyed Cambridge, which was a symbol of good life. It was at Cambridge that he began to form his political and social attitudes and that he also began to write.
Between 1905 and 1910 Forster published four novels. His first novel Where Angels Fear to Tread came out in 1905 and was favorable received.Longest Journey, A room with a view. Howards End.A Passage to India.
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