核舟记 明朝有个手艺奇妙精巧的人名叫王叔远,能够用直径一寸的木头,雕刻房屋、器具、人物,以及鸟兽、树木、石头,没有一个不是按照木头原来的样子模拟那些东西的形状,各有各的情态。(他)曾经赠送给我一个用桃核雕刻成的小船,刻的是苏轼游赤壁。
船从头到尾长约八分多一点,高约两颗米粒。中间高起并敞开的部分,是船舱,用箬竹叶做成的船篷覆盖着它。旁边开着小窗,左右各有四扇,一共八扇。打开窗户来看,雕刻有花纹的栏杆左右相对。关上窗户,就看到右边刻着“山高月小,水落石出”,左边刻着“清风徐来,水波不兴”,用青色颜料涂在刻着字的凹处。
船头坐着三个人,中间戴着高高的帽子并且有很多胡须的人是苏东坡,佛印在他的右边,鲁直在他的左边。苏东坡、黄鲁直(黄庭坚)一起看一幅书画卷。苏东坡用右手拿着书画卷的右端,用左手轻按鲁直的脊背。鲁直左手拿着横幅的左端,右手指着书画卷,好像在说什么话。苏东坡露出右脚,黄鲁直露出左脚,各自略微侧转身子,他们的互相靠近的两膝,各自隐藏在书画卷下面的衣褶里面。佛印极像弥勒菩萨,敞开胸襟露出两乳,抬头仰望,神态表情和苏东坡、黄鲁直不相类似。佛印平放在右膝,弯曲着右臂支撑在船上,并竖起他的左膝,左臂挂着念珠靠在左膝上,念珠可以清清楚楚地数出来。
船尾横放着一支船桨。船桨的左右两边各有一个船夫。在右边的人扎着椎形的发髻,仰着脸,左手靠着一根横木,右手扳着右脚脚趾,好像大声呼叫的样子。在左边的船夫右手拿着蒲葵扇,左手按着炉子,炉子上面有个壶,那个人的眼睛正视着(茶炉),神色平静,好像在听茶水烧开了没有的样子。
那只船的背部稍微平坦,就在它的上面刻上了姓名,文字是“天启壬戌秋日,虞山王毅叔远甫刻”,(字迹)细小得像蚊子脚,一勾一画清清楚楚,它的颜色是黑的。还刻着一枚篆字图章,文字是:“初平山人”,它的颜色是红的。
总计一条船上,刻有五个人;刻有八扇窗户;刻有箬竹叶做的船篷、船桨、炉子、茶壶、书画卷、念珠各一件;对联、题名和篆文,刻有文字共三十四个。可是计算它的长度,竟然不满一寸,原来是挑选桃核中又长又窄的雕刻成的。嘻,技艺也真灵巧奇妙啊!注释语音发音洢(yī) 皿(mǐn) 贻(yí) 罔(wǎng) 黍(shǔ) 髯(rán) 椎(zhuī)髻(jì) 神情与苏、黄不属(shǔ) 词类活用 1、诎右臂支船:“诎”通“屈”,弯曲。 2、左手倚一衡木:“衡”通“横”,横着。 3、舟首尾长约八分有奇:“有”通“又”,用来连接整数和零数。 4、盖简桃核修狭者为之:“简”通“拣”,挑选。 5、虞山王毅叔远甫刻:“甫”通“父”,男子的美称。古今异义词 : 1、卧右膝:卧,动词的使动用法,使……平放。2、中峨冠而多髯者为东坡:峨冠,戴着高高的帽子。 3、居右者椎髻仰面:椎髻,梳着椎形发髻。 重点词语解释 1、明有奇巧人曰王叔远:奇巧,特殊精湛的技艺。 2、能以径寸之木:径寸,直径一寸,用来形容圆形物的细小。 3、为宫室、器皿、人物:为,做。这里指雕刻。 4、罔不因势象形:罔,无、没有。因,根据、依据。这里指就着。象,模拟 。 5、尝贻余核舟一:贻,赠送。 6、盖大苏泛赤壁云:泛,乘船浮行。 7、舟首尾长约八分有(yòu)奇(jī):奇,零数。 8、高可二黍许:可,大约。 9、清风徐来,水波不兴:徐,缓缓地。 兴,起。 10、中峨冠而多髯者为东坡:髯,两腮的胡须。这里泛指胡须。 11、其两膝相比者:比,靠近。 12、佛印绝类弥勒:绝,极。 类,像。 13、舟尾横卧一楫:楫,船桨。 14、其人视端容寂:端,正。 15、其船背稍夷:背,脊背。这里指船底。夷,平。 16、虞山王毅叔远甫刻:甫,古代加在男子名字后面的美称。 17、钩画了了:了了,清清楚楚。 18、其色墨:墨,黑。 19、其色丹:丹,朱红色。 20、为人五;为窗八:为,刻。 21、而计其长曾不盈寸:曾,尚、还。 盈,满。 22、盖简桃核修狭者为之:修狭,长而窄。 23、篛篷:用篛竹叶做成的船篷。篛,“箬”的异体字。 特殊句式 1、中峨冠而多髯者为东坡 判断句 十、朗读节奏 1、盖/简桃核修狭者为之 2、虞山/王毅/叔远甫/刻 重点语句翻译 1、尝贻余核舟一,盖大苏泛赤壁云。 *(王叔远)(或“他”)曾经赠送给我一只用桃核雕刻成的小船,(原来)刻的是苏轼游赤壁。(关键词:贻 泛) 2、启窗而观,雕栏相望焉。 *打开窗看,雕刻着花纹的栏杆左右相对(或“雕刻着花纹的栏杆相对着”)。(关键词:启望) 3、嘻,技亦灵怪矣哉! *啊,技艺真是太奇妙了! 十三、课文内容理解 1、本文通过列数字的说明方法说明了核舟的精致(精细,精巧),赞美了雕刻家的奇巧技艺(或“古代艺人的技艺精湛”) 英语版核舟记(英文翻译解释版)The Ming Dynasty has the specially dexterous person name to be calledUncle Wang to be far, can use a diameter inch wood, carves the house,the appliance, the character, as well as the birds and beasts, thetrees, the stone, have not been suitable the wood original appearanceto simulate these things the shape, has each spirit respectively.Uncle Wang far once bestowed for me the boat which carved with thepeach seed, originally engraved was Su Dongpo travels by boat toursthe red wall.Ship from beginning to end long about eight minute more than 1, highabout two grain of millet sub- about. Among rises up and the wide-openpart, is the cabin, makes the boat cover with □the O bamboo leavesto cover it. Side is operating the window, about has four leavesrespectively, altogether eight leaves. Turns on the window to lookthat, the carving has the pattern about the parapet relative. Closesthe window, saw is engraving "Shan Gaoyue slightly to right side,comes to light", left side engraves "cool breeze Xu to come, the waveis outmoded", spreads the depression with the azurite which carvescharacters.The bow sits three people, among wears the human which the high hatand has very many beards is Su Dongpo, Buddha India in his right side,Lu Zhi in his left side. Su Dongpo, Huang Lu Zhi looks at acalligraphy and painting banner together. Su Dongpo is taking thecalligraphy and painting banner right margin with the right hand, withleft handles gently according to the Lu straight back. The Lu straightleft hand is taking the banner terminal, the right finger calligraphyand painting banner, is resembling is speaking any speech. Su Dongporeveals the right crus of diaphragm, Huang Lu straight reveals theleft leg, each one is leaning slightly the body, they approachmutually two knees, respective hiding under inside calligraphy andpainting banner clothes pleat. Buddha India likes the Maitreyareligion Bodhisattva extremely, opens wide the mind to reveal twobreasts, gains ground looks up to, the manner expression and SuDongpo, Huang Lu is straight is not connected. Buddha India evenly isputting the right knee, the curving right arm strut on the ship, andraises up his left knee, the left arm hangs the rosary to close rightup against the left knee, the rosary may clearly the number come out.A stern traverse oar. Oar about nearby two has a boatman respectively.Combs 椎 shape 发髻 in the right side person, Yang Zhuolian, theleft hand is closing right up against a cross bar, the right spannerright extremity foot head, is resembling the loud call the appearance.Takes the palm fan in the left side boatman right hand, the left handis feeling the stove, the stove above has a pot, that person's eye islooking at the tea cooker, the look was tranquil, resembles islistening to the tea to boil no appearance.That ship back slightly smooth, has engraved the name in its above,the writing is "the day opens the ninth stem eleventh of the twelveEarthly Branches fall far, Yu Uncle Wang Yi 甫 engraves",(handwriting) is tiny likes the mosquito foot, as soon as cancels apicture to be clear, its color is black. Also is engraving seal scriptstamp, the writing is: "Initially the Pingshan person", its color isred.Amounts to on a ship, inscribes five people; Inscribes the windoweight leaves; Inscribes the indocalamus Ye Zuo boat cover, inscribesthe oar, inscribes the stove; Inscribes the teapot, inscribes thecalligraphy and painting banner, inscribes rosary each; Theantithetical couplet, the autograph and the seal script, inscribewriting altogether 34. But calculates its length, does not fill aninch originally is unexpectedly chooses in the peach seed the longnarrow carving. Well, the technique really clever is also marvelous.
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