一个饱满的开头短包含三个层次：【话题引入】层次抓住阅卷者的注意力，【主题句】层次清晰地展现观点，【结构暗示】层次提示中间段的层次结构或视角。
话题引入：这一层次有很多种写法，可以用“故事”开头，用“名人名言或谚语”引出话题，用“语出惊人”的方式开头，用“描述现状”的方式开头，用“问句”开头等。
· 主题句：这一层次的关键是把观点写清楚，可以加上“in myview”之类的信号词，可以加上针对观点的总的抽象理由，可以加上让步层次。
· 结构暗示：这一层次用一句话提示中间段将出现几个层次，或者分析问题的视角。
请看下面一例中每个层次可以怎样完成。
Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good?Use specofoc reasons and example to support your answer.
开头段可以这样写：
Progress in technology, as an inevitable fact of life,has changed people's lives dramatically. But is progress always forthe best? While one considers the potentially dangerous impact ofchanges such as industrialization and the advent of nucleartechnology, it is clear that progress, while inescapable, is notalways for the best.
文章开始（"Progress in technology, as an inevitable fact oflife, has changed people's lives dramatically. But is progressalways for the best?") 用一句话描述关键词“Progress”在我们生活中的影响，然后用问句引出话题【话题引入】，之后用“the potentially dangerousimpact of changes such as undustrialization and the advent ofnuclear technology"提示读者文章后面将从两个角度入手谈这个问题【结构暗示】，最后用"it is clear thatprogress, while inescapable, is not always for thebest"清晰地阐明观点【主题句】。
请看下面一题：
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement?
Playing games teaches us about life.
Use specific reasons and examples to support youranswer.
开头段可以这样写：
Almost everyone,
from like children to adults, loves games. The types of gamesmay change and get more complex as we grow up, but our enjoymentnever changes. I believe that playing games is both fun and useful,because it teaches us the skills we need in life. Games teach usthere is a cause-effect relationship, teach us about teamwork, andteach us to follow rules.
文章开始（“Almost everyone，from little children to adults, lovesgames. The types of games may changes and get more complex as wegrow up, but our enjoyment neverchanges.")用两句话描述关键词"game"对我们生活的影响【话题引入】，然后直接提出观点和理由【主题句】（"I believethat playing games is both fun and useful, because it teaches usthe skills we need in life.")，最后用平行对称结构向读者提示文章后面的三个层次【结构暗示】（"Gamesteach us there is a cause-effect relationship, teach us aboutteamwork, and teach us to follow rules.").
结尾段
当开头短把观点阐述清楚之后，结尾段从信息量上讲就成为了最不重要的段落，甚至存在没有结尾段的满分文章——言外之意是如果时间不够了，应该尽可能将中间段写完整，而不是追求结尾段的完整性。
时间不充分的时候，结尾只需要在中间段最后加上一句总结文章的话：时间充分的时候，可以写成一个简单的独立的结尾段，总结一下观点，总结一下论据（层次），然后还可以做一个简单的引申（只是不要发号召）。 |
