奥巴马气候大会讲话全文

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查看11 | 回复0 | 2009-12-29 18:45:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Good morning. It's an honor for me to join this distinguished group of leaders from nations around the world. We come together here in Copenhagen because climate change poses a grave and growing danger to our people. You would not be here unless you - like me - were convinced that this danger is real. This is not fiction, this is science. Unchecked, climate change will pose unacceptable risks to our security, our economies, and our planet. That much we know.  So the question before us is no longer the nature of the challenge - the question is our capacity to meet it. For while the reality of climate change is not in doubt, our ability to take collective action hangs in the balance.  I believe that we can act boldly, and decisively, in the face of this common threat. And that is why I have come here today.  As the world's largest economy and the world's second largest emitter, America bears our share of responsibility in addressing climate change, and we intend to meet that responsibility. That is why we have renewed our leadership within international climate negotiations, and worked with other nations to phase out fossil fuel subsidies. And that is why we have taken bold action at home - by making historic investments in renewable energy; by putting our people to work increasing efficiency in our homes and buildings; and by pursuing comprehensive legislation to transform to a clean energy economy.  These actions are ambitious, and we are taking them not simply to meet our global responsibilities. We are convinced that changing the way that we produce and use energy is essential to America's economic future - that it will create millions of new jobs, power new industry, keep us competitive, and spark new innovation. And we are convinced that changing the way we use energy is essential to America's national security, because it will reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and help us deal with some of the dangers posed by climate change.  So America is going to continue on this course of action no matter what happens in Copenhagen. But we will all be stronger and safer and more secure if we act together. That is why it is in our mutual interest to achieve a global accord in which we agree to take certain steps, and to hold each other accountable for our commitments.  After months of talk, and two weeks of negotiations, I believe that the pieces of that accord are now clear.  First, all major economies must put forward decisive national actions that will reduce their emissions, and begin to turn the corner on climate change. I'm pleased that many of us have already done so, and I'm confident that America will fulfill the commitments that we have made: cutting our emissions in the range of 17 percent by 2020, and by more than 80 percent by 2050 in line with final legislation.  Second, we must have a mechanism to review whether we are keeping our commitments, and to exchange this information in a transparent manner. These measures need not be intrusive, or infringe upon sovereignty. They must, however, ensure that an accord is credible, and that we are living up to our obligations. For without such accountability, any agreement would be empty words on a page.  Third, we must have financing that helps developing countries adapt, particularly the least-developed and most vulnerable to climate change. America will be a part of fast-start funding that will ramp up to $10 billion in 2012. And, yesterday, Secretary Clinton made it clear that we will engage in a global effort to mobilize $100 billion in financing by 2020, if - and only if - it is part of the broader accord that I have just described.  Mitigation. Transparency. And financing. It is a clear formula - one that embraces the principle of common but differentiated responses and respective capabilities. And it adds up to a significant accord - one that takes us farther than we have ever gone before as an international community.  The question is whether we will move forward together, or split apart. This is not a perfect agreement, and no country would get everything that it wants. There are those developing countries that want aid with no strings attached, and who think that the most advanced nations should pay a higher price. And there are those advanced nations who think that developing countries cannot absorb this assistance, or that the world's fastest-growing emitters should bear a greater share of the burden.  We know the fault lines because we've been imprisoned by them for years. But here is the bottom line: we can embrace this accord, take a substantial step forward, and continue to refine it and build upon its foundation. We can do that, and everyone who is in this room will be a part of an historic endeavor - one that makes life better for our children and grandchildren.  Or we can again choose delay, falling back into the same divisions that have stood in the way of action for years. And we will be back having the same stale arguments month after month, year after year - all while the danger of climate change grows until it is irreversible.  There is no time to waste. America has made our choice. We have charted our course, we have made our commitments, and we will do what we say. Now, I believe that it's time for the nations and people of the world to come together behind a common purpose.  We must choose action over inaction; the future over the past - with courage and faith, let us meet our responsibility to our people, and to the future of our planet. Thank you  任何国家,不论大小,不论贫富,都无法摆脱气候变化的影响。美国在过去8个月里为提倡清洁能源和降低碳污染所做的工作超过了历史上任何一个时期。由于任何一个国家都无法单独应对这一挑战,美国也与比以往更多的盟友和伙伴接触,以寻找解决方案。一个世纪以来,曾给全球气候造成诸多破坏的发达国家仍有义务发挥主导作用。然而,在未来几十年内,增长迅速的发展中国家将成为全球碳排放量所有增长部分的来源,这些国家也必须尽自己的一份力量。与此同时,发达国家有责任提供必要的资金和技术援助,帮助发展中国家,特别是最贫困和最孱弱的国家适应气候变化造成的影响,并寻求低碳排放量的发展道路。总之,世界正在寻求的目标不只是一项限制温室气体排放的协议。各国寻求达成的协议将使所有国家在不危害地球的情况下实现增长和提高生活水平。  【本刊讯】美国总统奥巴马9月22日在纽约联合国气候变化峰会上发表讲话,以下是美国国务院国际信息局(IIP)根据白宫提供的记录稿的翻译全文:  多谢诸位。早上好。我对组织这次首脑会议的联合国秘书长以及在座的各位领导人表示感谢。今天有如此众多的代表到会,这表明人们认识到气候变化构成的威胁有多么严重,认识到威胁迫在眉睫,也认识到威胁正日益增长。我们这一代人应对这一挑战的行动将受到历史的检验,若不能大胆、迅速、齐心协力地应对挑战,就可能将一场无可挽救的灾难留给子孙后代。  任何国家,不论大小,不论贫富,都无法摆脱气候变化的影响。海平面的上升威胁着每一条海岸线。日益凶猛的风暴和洪水威胁着每一片大陆。日趋频繁的干旱和粮荒在饥馑和战乱已然深重的地区进一步加深了灾难。在面积不断缩小的岛屿上,岛上的住户已经被迫背井离乡,沦为气候难民。每一个国家和各地人民的安全和稳定———我们的繁荣、我们的健康和我们的安全———危在旦夕。我们应该力挽狂澜,但时间已所剩无几。  然而,我们能够力挽狂澜。约翰F肯尼迪说过:“我们的问题是人为的,因此可以由人类自己解决。”毫无疑问,多年以来,对于气候威胁的严重性,人类的应对行动姗姗来迟,甚至对问题缺乏充分的认识。我自己的国家也的确如此。我们承认这一点。但新的一天已经到来。新的时代已经降临。我可以自豪地说,美国在过去8个月里为提倡清洁能源和降低碳污染所做的工作超过了我国历史上任何一个时期。  我国政府正在对可再生能源进行有史以来规模最大的投资———力争在3年内将风能和其他可再生能源的发电能力提高一倍。在全美各地,创业者正在利用贷款担保和抵税优惠,组装叶轮机和太阳能板以及供混合动力车使用的电池———这些项目创造了新的就业机会和新兴产业。我们还投资数十亿美元减少我们的住房、建筑和电器的能源浪费———同时帮助美国家庭节约能源费用。  我们已经提出了有史以来第一项旨在提高所有新出厂的汽车和卡车的燃料效率,同时降低温室气体污染的国策———制定的标准还将帮助消费者省钱并帮助国家节约石油。我们正在推进我国第一批近海风能项目。我们投资数十亿美元用于捕获碳污染,以使我们的燃煤工厂变得清洁。就在这个星期,我们宣布将开始统计全国的温室气体污染排放量,这是有史以来的第一次。本周晚些时候,我将同G20其他领导人共同努力,分阶段取消矿物燃料补贴,以使我们能够更好地应对气候挑战。我们已经看到,近期美国总体排放量的下降在某种程度上归功于提高效率和扩大使用可再生能源的措施。  最重要的是,国会众议院今年6月通过了一项能源和气候法案,终于将使清洁能源成为美国企业使用的有益能源,同时大幅度削减温室气体排放。国会参议院的一个委员会已着手审议这项议案,我期待着在向前推进的过程中同有关方面商谈。  由于任何一个国家都无法单独应对这一挑战,美国与比以往更多的盟友和伙伴接触,以寻找解决方案。今年4月,我们在美国举行了主要经济体能源和气候论坛第一次会议,该论坛到目前为止共举行了6次会议。在特立尼达,我提出了美洲国家能源和气候合作计划。我们通过世界银行在发展中国家推行可再生能源项目和技术。在同从中国到巴西,从印度到墨西哥,从非洲到欧洲的各个国家和地区的关系中,我们已将气候问题作为外交议程的首要议题。  上述举措多管齐下,体现出美国人民及其政府的一种历史认知。我们了解气候威胁的严重性。我们决心采取行动。我们将尽到对子孙后代的义务。  然而,尽管很多国家已经采取了有魄力的行动,同时在这个问题上也有共同的意志,但我们今天来到这里不是要庆贺成功。我们来到这里是因为还有许多进展有待实现。我们来到这里是因为还有很多工作有待完成。  这方面的工作并不容易。随着哥本哈根会议的临近,我们最艰难的道路就在前方,对此不应该抱任何幻想。在全球陷入衰退之际,我们寻求全面但必要的变革。每一个国家最紧迫的任务是重振国民经济,让本国人民重回工作岗位。为此,在努力为应对气候变化寻求长远之计的同时,我们各国都会面临疑虑和困难。  然而,今天我在这里表示,不能因为有困难而甘于现状。不能因为存在忧虑而无所作为。我们不能因为无法面面俱到而放弃取得进展的努力。我们每一个人都必须在可能的情况下全力以赴,在不危害我们这个星球的前提下促进经济增长,我们必须共同努力。必须抓住时机,促使哥本哈根会议为全球抗击气候变化迈出重要的一大步。  我们也不能听任过去多年来在气候变化问题上反复出现的意见分歧阻挠我们取得进展。当然,一个世纪以来,曾给我们的气候造成诸多破坏的发达国家仍有义务发挥主导作用。我们将继续这么做———为可再生能源投资,提高能源效率,降低我们的排放量,实现我们为2020年制定的目标以及为2050年制定的长远目标。  然而,在未来几十年内,增长迅速的发展中国家将几乎成为全球碳排放量所有增长部分的来源,这些国家也必须尽自己的一份力量。其中一些国家已经为发展和使用清洁能源迈出重要步伐。然而,这些国家仍需承诺在国内采取严厉的措施,同意坚持履行有关义务,如同发达国家也必须坚持履行自己的义务一样。所有的温室气体排放大国必须采取共同行动,否则我们就无法迎接这一挑战。我们别无选择。  我们还必须加紧努力,使其他发展中国家,特别是最贫困和最孱弱的国家走上可持续增长的道路。这些国家不如美国或中国那样拥有抗击气候变化的同样资源,但是与问题的解决有着最直接的利害关系。因为这些国家已经承受了全球变暖造成的持续影响,如饥荒和旱灾;海岸村庄的消失以及因为资源稀缺导致的冲突。这些国家的未来不再是两者择其一,经济增长或者提高地球的清洁程度,因为其生存取决于两者的共同实现。人们如果不能再收获庄稼或得到饮水,对减轻贫困就毫无助益。  这就是为什么我们有责任提供必要的财务和技术援助,帮助这些国家适应气候变化造成的影响,并寻求低碳排放量的发展道路。  我们正在寻求的目标毕竟不只是一项限制温室气体排放的协议。我们寻求达成的协议将使所有的国家在不危害地球的情况下实现增长和提高生活水平。通过发展和推广洁净技术并分享我们的专门知识,我们可帮助发展中国家跨跃“肮脏”能源技术的阶段,减少排放有害气体。  秘书长先生,我们今天在这里举行会议之际,好消息是:经过这么多年的无所作为与拒不承认后,人们最终对我们面临挑战的迫切性有了普遍认识。我们知道需要做些什么。我们知道,我们地球的未来取决于全球对永久性降低温室气体污染的承诺。我们知道,如果实施正确的规章和激励措施,就将促使最优秀的科学家、工程师和企业家为改善全世界的面貌发挥自己的创造力。在朝着这个目标前进的征途上,已经有许许多多的国家迈出了第一步。  但这条路不仅漫长,也十分艰辛。为了奔赴征程,我们剩余的时间已经不多。在这条征途上,我们每一个人都需要在遇到挫折的时候毫不气馁,为取得任何一点进展———即使是零零星星的进展———而努力奋进。因此让我们现在就开始。因为如果我们既灵活变通又脚踏实地,如果我们坚持不懈地共同努力,我们就能实现共同的目标:一个比我们现在看到的更安全、更清洁和更健康的世界;一个无愧于我们子孙后代的未来。  谢谢大家。
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