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双语资料供参考：Londonofficially Greater LondonCapital and largest city (pop., 2001: 7,172,036) of the United Kingdom, situated in southeastern England on the River Thames.It is the political, industrial, cultural, and financial centre of the country. Formally known as the metropolitan county of Greater London (established 1965), it has an area of 659 sq mi (1,706 sq km) and consists of two regions: Inner London comprises 13 of London's 33 boroughs (including the original City of London), and Outer London encompasses the other 20 boroughs. Greater London is an administrative entity, with an elected mayor and assembly. Founded by the Romans as Londinium in the 1st century AD, it passed to the Saxons in the 6th century. City fortifications were destroyed by the Danes, who invaded England in 865, but were later rebuilt. William I (the Conqueror) established the central stronghold of the fortress known as the Tower of London. Norman kings selected Westminster as their seat of government, and Edward the Confessor built the church known as Westminster Abbey. The largest city in Europe north of the Alps by 1085, it was struck by the Black Death in 1348–49. Trade grew significantly in the mid-16th century, fueled by the establishment of Britain's overseas empire. In 1664–65 the plague killed about 70,000 Londoners, and in 1666 the Great Fire of London consumed five-sixths of the City of London; it was afterward rebuilt (see Christopher Wren). London was the centre of world trade from the late 18th century to 1914. It opened the world's first electric underground railway in 1890. Severely damaged by German bombs in the Battle of Britain during World War II, it was again rebuilt and grew rapidly in the postwar period. Among its sites of interest are Buckingham Palace, the Tate Gallery, the National Gallery, the British Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Museum. 伦敦 [London]正式名称为大伦敦 Greater London 英国的首都和最大城市。位于英格兰东南部，泰晤士河之滨。内伦敦的范围包括原先的伦敦市和伦敦33个自治市中的13个，大伦敦则包括所有的33个自治市。公元1世纪时由罗马人建立，当时名为伦迪尼乌姆，6世纪时归属撒克逊人。丹麦人在865年入侵英格兰时破坏了该城的防御工事，后又重建。威廉一世修建了称作伦敦塔的城堡要塞中心堡垒。诺曼国王们选定威斯敏斯特城为行政首府，而爱德华(忏悔者)修建了威斯敏斯特教堂。这座在1085年之前阿尔卑斯山脉以北欧洲中最大的城市，在1348～1349年遭到黑死病的重创。16世纪中叶贸易日益增长，并因英国海外帝国的扩张而加速发展。1664～1665年的瘟疫造成7万多名伦敦人死亡。1666年的伦敦大火烧光了5/6的城市，后来加以重建(参阅雷恩[Wren, Sir Christopher])。从18世纪末叶到1914年伦敦一直是世界的贸易中心。1890年开通世界第一条电气地下铁道。在第二次世界大战期间的不列颠战役中伦敦遭到德军的严重轰炸。市内名胜有：白金汉宫、塔特美术馆、国立美术馆、不列颠博物馆与维多利亚和艾伯特博物馆。人口：都会区约7,007,000(1995)。 |
